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The Guadalcanal American Memorial is a World War II monument on Guadalcanal in Solomon Islands. Dedicated in August 7, 1992, it was established as a tribute to the Americans and their allies who lost their lives during the Guadalcanal Campaign from 7 August 1942 to 9 February 1943. The capital city of Honiara is to its north. To mark the 50th anniversary of the Red Beach landings, the U.S. War Memorial was dedicated on 7 August 1992. An account of this is also inscribed on red marble tablets inside the monument compound. The memorial was a joint effort of the American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) and the Guadalcanal-Solomon Islands Memorial Commission,〔 and was at the initiative of Robert F Reynolds, Chief of Valors Tours Ltd. The memorial is maintained by the ABMC. Every year on 7 August, a commemorative ceremony is held to mark the first day of the battle. Another monument, erected by the Japanese on Mount Austen, is a tribute to the Japanese who lost their lives. ==Background== The US Navy, Marine Corps, Army and the country's allies fought the Japanese forces at the Guadalcanal during World War II from August 7, 1942 to February 9, 1943 to take control of the island where the Japanese had established a strong base.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Guadalcanal Campaign, August 1942 - February 1943 Overview and Special Image Selection )〕 During the six-month period, bitter fighting took place on land, in the air, and at sea, until the Japanese voluntarily withdrew after several setbacks in the seven major naval battles and clashes in the air. The American forces were ultimately victorious. The Japanese evacuated the island from Cape Esperance on the north west coast in February 1943.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Battle of Guadalcanal )〕 The bitter struggle that took place in which both "slugged it out toe to toe", resulted in loss of 1200 aircraft, 49 ships and as many as 35,000 American and Japanese men. It was uncertain as to who would ultimately prevail. When the Japanese capitulated and withdrew, the Japanese Major General Kiyotake Kawaguchi who was assigned the task of destroying the American Marines said "Guadalcanal is not the name of an island. It is the graveyard of the Japanese Army". The conflict turned the tide against Japan and it was a decisive battle of the Pacific War, won by the effective joint action of all arms and services of the United States, and in which the marines played a crucial part. Japanese losses were immense, including 800 aircraft and 2362 pilots and crew. The Americans lost 24 warships totaling 126,240 tons, but had the resources to recoup their losses, and American dead were one tenth of the total 50,000 deaths in the battle. It was in this battle that the legend of "the invincibility of the Japanese soldier and Zero fighter plane" were destroyed. In this longest campaign of the Pacific War, 65,000 American forces committed were from the US Marine Corps, US Ground Forces and US Navy construction units. The combined losses of all these forces amounted to: Killed including from injuries and missing were 1,342 of the Marine Corps and wounded were 3,170; US Navy lost 4737 including missing at sea and 2,344 were wounded; US Army’s Americal Division lost 344 and 855 were wounded; US 25 Infantry division (late entrant into the battle) lost 216 and 439 were wounded; USAAF Thirteenth Air force lost 93 and many were injured; US Navy lost 41 airmen and the Marine corps air arm lost many but their number has not been disclosed. In addition, those who were taken prisoner were never heard of again. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Guadalcanal American Memorial」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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